coyote hunting pointers Archives

Thermal Optics for Dummies

Posted on March 21, 2025March 21, 2025 by Shawn Eddy

Have you been thinking about hunting game at night but feel overwhelmed by all the technical details of thermal optics? In this article, we will cover Thermal Optics for Dummies to help you get started.

Thermal optics are a game-changer for hunters, especially when the sun sets and the thrill of the hunt begins. If you find the jargon, technical specs, and endless models intimidating, fret not—you’re in the right place!

By the time you finish reading, you’ll know exactly what features to look for, how they impact your hunting experience, and how to confidently choose the right thermal scope or scanner.

Here’s what we’ll cover in simple, easy-to-digest terms:

How thermal optics work
Core sizes & image quality
Objective lenses & how they affect performance
Base magnification & resolution
Millikelvin ratings & what they mean
Display resolution explained
Field of view & its importance
Models with & without a laser rangefinder (LRF)
Refresh rates
Environmental factors like humidity & fog
Setting a budget based on your needs

What Are Thermal Optics & How Do They Work?

Thermal optics detect heat signatures, transforming invisible infrared radiation into a visible image. Unlike night vision, thermal optics don’t rely on ambient light, making them incredibly effective in complete darkness or challenging weather conditions.

When you look through a thermal scope or scanner, you’re essentially viewing a heat map. Warmer objects, like animals, appear brighter, while cooler surroundings show up as darker colors. This ability to “see heat” is why thermal optics are a hunter’s best friend when pinpointing predators at night—even through brush or minimal cover.

Understanding Core Sizes

The core is the brain of a thermal device, where the magic happens. Its size determines image clarity and detail. Here are the most common core sizes and what they generally mean:

256×192 (Entry-level) $ – Basic clarity, suitable for short-range detection. Affordable but limited in detail.
384×288 (Mid-tier) $$ – A nice balance of affordability and image quality. Ideal for most intermediate needs.
640×512 (Top-tier standard) $$$ – High resolution with excellent detail. Perfect for targeting small predators further out.
1280×1024 (Premium) $$$$ – Incredible clarity and superior detail for those who want the best technology available.

Pro Tip: Core size shouldn’t be your only concern, but it strongly impacts what you see through your thermal device – especially at range.

Objective Lens: Define Your Scope’s Power

The objective lens is the device’s front lens, which is responsible for gathering infrared light. Its size (measured in millimeters). Larger lenses collect more thermal energy, which enhances detail at a distance.

Here’s a breakdown:

13mm-35mm (Short range): Compact and lightweight, ideal for shorter distances.
50mm (Mid-range): Great versatility for covering most intermediate and diehard hunting scenarios.
50-70mm+ (Long range): Superior detail for spotting distant predators, though heavier and pricier.

Choose a lens size that suits your typical hunting environment. Wide-open fields? Go big. Hunting in dense cover? A smaller lens will suffice in most cases, but it comes down to base magnification, which we discuss below.

Base Magnification

Magnification stretches your view, but there’s a catch—the more you zoom in, the more pixelated the image becomes. Base magnification refers to the default zoom level without losing resolution. For example:

A base magnification of 1x – 2.5x offers a wide field of view for scanning.
A base magnification of 3x – 4x provides clarity for distant targets but sacrifices the field of view.

You’ll want to balance base magnification and digital zoom to suit your hunting style.

What Are Millikelvin (mK) / NETD Ratings?

This term sounds intimidating but is straightforward. Noise Equivalent Temperature Difference (NETD) is a key factor in the performance of thermal imaging sensors, impacting their ability to detect temperature differences. Measured in millikelvin (mK), NETD shows how much “noise” interferes with a thermal sensor’s signal. The lower the NETD, the better the sensor can distinguish small differences in temperature—leading to sharper, more detailed images.

A NETD scale rates sensors as follows:

Excellent: <18 – <25 mK
Good: <35 – <40 mK
Acceptable: <50 mK

Low NETD values are especially important in challenging conditions like cold weather or fog, where temperature differences are minimal. Simply put, the lower the NETD, the better your thermal imaging experience!

Decoding Display Resolution

Display resolution affects the image you see through your device. Here’s a quick reference for common resolutions:

160×120 = Budget-friendly, basic clarity.
320×240 = Sufficient detail for casual use.
384×288 = A good middle ground.
640×512 = Exceptional sharpness and detail.
1024×768 and above = Ultra-clear performance, ideal for serious hunters.

The higher the resolution, the clearer your thermal image—but remember, higher resolutions tend to cost more.

Field of View (FOV)

Field of view refers to how much of the landscape you can see through your thermal optic. A wider FOV makes it easier to spot moving targets, while a narrower FOV is better for precise, long-range shots.

For close-quarters hunting or areas with lots of movement, prioritize a wide FOV. For open fields and long-range hunts, a narrow FOV with more focus will be your go-to.

Base magnification and objection lens size also affects field of view as well, which is why so many of these features directly coincide with each other.

Models With & Without a Rangefinder

Some thermal optics include a laser rangefinder (LRF), which measures the distance to your target. It’s an incredibly handy feature, especially for precise long-range shots, but it also comes at a higher price.

If you’re hunting at short-to-medium range, an LRF may be unnecessary. Consider your budget and hunting needs before opting for this premium feature.

Refresh Rates

Refresh rate refers to how quickly the image on your thermal optic updates. A higher refresh rate (e.g., 50Hz, 60Hz or even 90 Hz) provides smoother motion tracking and less lag.

So in easy speak, think, high refresh rates = faster follow up shots, silky smooth scanning and easier on the eyes.

And about that occasional soft “clicking” you might hear? That’s the device recalibrating its sensors to maintain accuracy. It’s normal and ensures your scope remains reliable during a hunt.

Environmental Factors

Thermal optics work wonders in darkness but struggle to perform in certain conditions. Fog, heavy rain, and high humidity scatter infrared radiation, reducing image quality. Low-mK devices tend to handle these challenges better.

If you hunt in areas with frequent weather changes, invest in a thermal optic known for high sensitivity and performance across various conditions.

Setting Your Budget

Thermal optics come in three tiers. A good rule of thumb to consider across the entire spectrum is that for every additional $500 or $1000 you spend, expect to see a respectable increase in image quality, features and performance.

Entry-level ($500-$1,500): Basic models with limited range and features. Great for beginners.
Mid-level ($2,000-$4,000): Reliable scopes with improved resolution, range, and features. Ideal for dedicated hunters.
Top-tier ($5,000+): Premium performance with all the bells and whistles—perfect for professional use and serious hunters who demand the best.

Start with a budget and match it to your hunting style and needs. You can always upgrade later! The “buy once, cry once mantra” is hard to justify for hunters just getting started in this costly category of hunting gear.

Start Shopping with Confidence

Thermal optics don’t have to be overwhelming. By focusing on the features that matter most to your hunting experience, you can find the perfect scope or scanner that balances performance and budget.

Need help? At Predator Hunter Outdoors, we pride ourselves on providing expert advice and top-notch thermal devices across the entire budget. We’re here to make your first (or next) thermal purchase a breeze. Explore our selection or reach out—we’re happy to guide you!

That’s a wrap on Thermal Optics for Dummies. We hope you found this helpful. Good luck hunting!

Coyote Hunting Tips

Posted on May 16, 2023March 21, 2025 by Paul Cianciolo

Coyote hunting can be a very challenging hobby, with plenty of ups and downs. For years, I would go out and blast a rabbit distress call, thinking it was the “go-to method” of success. Mainly because it worked for me a couple of times, and it seemed to be the call most guys were using, which was the most advertised type of call. Soon after I hit a very boring spree of empty sets, I started getting creative! Listen to any coyote hunting tips that you can from experienced hunters!

A Few Do’s

I soon learned that the flaw in my technique wasn’t the sounds I was using…. It was my approach and setup. You can’t go into a hunt thinking, “This will work every time,” when you’re targeting coyotes. Coyotes are one of the most unpredictable and hardest animals to hunt. They are survivors, and they do just that very well, using their natural instincts to hunt and survive.

So, what did I start doing differently? For night hunting, I started scanning on my way out to my destination. For example, don’t be leery of turning on your thermal/night vision scanner or Hunting Light on the way out to your spot; you’d be surprised at how many times you’ll catch coyotes wandering. Just make sure you are 100% sure you know the identity of your target before you get too excited. Many times, you will catch the eyes of grazing deer, cattle, or something else.

Locating

Locating coyotes is one way of increasing your odds of becoming successful. To hunt coyotes successfully, it’s good to know if they are, in fact, in the area you’re planning to hunt. Go out the night before you’re planning to hunt and let out a couple of lonesome howls, group howls, or other locator calls, and see if you get a response. However, keep in mind that no response doesn’t necessarily mean they aren’t in the area. Many times, they just might not be vocal or there at that given time. Locating gives you an idea of what part of a property you want to focus on and the approach you want to take when setting up.

The Wind

The number one thing to keep in mind is to try and set up on a good crosswind. If you’re using an electronic call, set it up slightly upwind of you in that crosswind. That will help get the coyotes between you and the call if they try to circle. The key is to catch them before they get downwind, which they are very good at!

A Few Don’ts

(Overcalling and overhunting an area). Don’t think that if you call quiet, the coyotes aren’t going to come in. You may be surprised to find out it’s the exact opposite. Most hunters blast their electronic call or mouth call at decibel levels much higher than what is possible from the lungs of the intended prey they are trying to portray. Again, we are in the coyote’s natural environment; they can tell when something is realistic or not.

Rather than starting off with a dying prey sound, start with a howl and wait to see if you get a response. Again, we are looking to locate, and a howl is a great way to see who’s in the neighborhood. Looking and listening are two very important factors. Don’t be afraid to call less and quieter than you might think is necessary. Less is oftentimes more effective. Patience is key!

Overhunting

Overhunting a particular area is also a quick way to educate a coyote, especially when night hunting. I say this especially when night hunting because the cover of darkness is one major advantage that both the coyote and hunter have for one another. Yes, the coyote cannot see us as well, but the same is true for us spotting the coyote. Often we are calling coyotes that slip behind a brush pile or tree line or simply just approach from a direction we had not intended to. We never saw that coyote, but the coyote was indeed there, and now we know that distress sound was definitely not what it was after. With that being said, the coyote now associates that sound and smell with something they know is dangerous, being us humans. That coyote just became educated and will be harder to call in next time. If you continuously do this from the same location or area, you are further educating them and making them that much harder to hunt. If your hunting spots are limited and you don’t want to wait a couple weeks to call that spot, then using different tactics will be key.

Hunting with Lights

When using lights, the red LED is preferred as it is scientifically the least visible to the K-9 / Coyote. A headlamp or handheld scan light is ideal for catching eyeshine reflection before that coyote gets downwind of us and the gig is up. Once you locate the eyeshine reflection, switch over to your gun-mounted light. Keep in mind it is recommended you turn on your gun light before shutting off your headlamp or scan light so it does not shock the coyote. Think of it as with the light staying on the coyote; you are blinding it from seeing your silhouette and the weapon light being turned on.

Hail Mary Shots

Don’t take a pop shot just to see if you can hit your intended target when you aren’t confident. A missed coyote is an educated coyote. Pay attention to their mannerisms when they are out at a distance. You’ll be surprised at how far a curious coyote will travel to investigate that distress sounds, or sound from the other “trespassing” coyote stomping around on their home turf. Be patient but not so patient that you don’t take the shot when you are confident. Coyotes are as unpredictable as they come, if the shot is there and you are confident then do so.

Know The Season

The same sounds might not work all year round. What worked yesterday might not work in a month. The breeding season is a great time to switch up your calling tactics and start focusing on sounds associated with other coyotes rather than sounds of distressed varmints. Tony Tebbe has an excellent sound library of just about every coyote sound a predator hunter could ask for. During the breeding season, focus on coyote whimpers, female coyote howls, breeding coyotes, pup distress, and other sounds associated with the K9. However, these coyote vocals can be used all year and are very effective, not just during the breeding season.

Coyote Hunting Tips Recap

As mentioned before, the coyote also has the cover of darkness to their advantage when night hunting. Just because we are scanning for eyes or a heat signature, it doesn’t always mean we will see them.

Waiting for a wind direction that allows you to set up in a completely different location, opposite from your last location, is a great way to disassociate the last bad experience that coyote had with you.

Use a sound different from the previous sound/sounds you may have used. If that coyote busted you during the last hunt and you were screaming rabbit distress, try using coyote vocals. Pup distress is a great attractant to the K9 breed. Their curiosity and protectiveness will many times draw them into a location they normally would be more hesitant to approach.

These are just a few tips on coyote hunting to get you started as a new coyote hunter. Coyote hunting is a challenging, exciting, and rewarding sport. One thing to remember is do not get discouraged! Every set you do will gain you more experience, confidence, and future success.